Manager; Worker; Proxy; Logger; Running a Zeek Cluster. Zeek’s Cluster Components. Logger. 0. When running a cluster of Zeek processes, the manager process opens TCP port 9911 for metrics exposition in Prometheus by default. 0: specific LTS release lines, currently 5. log, is one of the most important data sources generated by Zeek. A basic Zeek cluster uses four different node types, enumerated in the script-level variable Cluster::NodeType. For example, if you’d like to install Zeek plugins in those images, you’ll need to install their needed toolchain, typically at least g++ for compilation, cmake and make as build tools, and libpcap-dev to build against. log. 10. Logger. 0. g. This device sends traffic to workers after symmetric. In the last section we looked at Zeek’s ssl. The Need to Move Data and Events Across Different Nodes; Cluster. Zeek’s Cluster Components. 1. Broker-backed Zeek Tables for Data Synchronization and Persistence; Cluster Framework. Although recent developments in domain name resolution have challenged traditional methods for collecting DNS data, dns. 5 MB: 0. log when visiting a server that negotiated a TLS 1. Any Zeek Log into Python (dynamic tailing and log rotations are handled) Zeek Logs to Pandas Dataframes and Scikit-Learn. module. ). Domainname given by the client. 0. Zeek’s Cluster Components. Configuration Framework . Wiki. You can operate such a setup from a central manager system easily using ZeekControl because it hides much of the complexity of the multi-machine installation. 0 release now ships with a fully functional version of Zeek’s new Management Framework, able to operate single-system Zeek clusters at the time (i. centos-8-stream-rpms. Zeek’s Cluster Components. 1 Answer. 0. Zeek features the following. For example, administrators can scale Zeek within one system for as long as possible, and then transparently add more. It normally receives log messages and notices from the rest of the nodes in the cluster using the Zeek communications protocol. site_id: count A 32-bit unique identifier for the pool node, derived from name/alias. log ssh. Event Groups. Once installed, the operation is pretty similar for both types; just. The identifier string should be unique for a single instance of the weird. The purpose of this document is to assist the Zeek community with implementing Zeek in their environments. The goals of Zeek’s Intelligence Framework are to consume intelligence data, make it available for matching, and provide infrastructure to improve performance and memory utilization. Configuration Framework. The Need to Move Data and Events Across Different Nodes; Cluster. This document describes the Zeek cluster architecture. 412308930008045, that means 0. Before using the GeoIP functionality, it is a good idea to verify that everything is setup correctly. Proxy Cluster nodes refer to individual Zeek processes in the cluster, as managed by the Supervisor. Manager; Worker; Proxy; Logger; Running a Zeek Cluster. A logger is an optional Zeek process that receives log messages from the rest of the nodes in the cluster using the Zeek communications protocol. Zeek Cluster Setup; General Usage and Deployment; Developing Scripts/Heuristics. Manager; Worker; Proxy; Logger; Running a Zeek Cluster. Suricata is an open source threat. The Need to Move Data and Events Across Different Nodes; Cluster. id: conn_id &log The connection’s 4-tuple of endpoint addresses/ports. The host/IP at which the cluster node runs. Zeek’s Cluster Components. In other words, this sensor is doing well capturing the traffic on the link it monitors (a small amount of loss. Cluster architecture thus allows Zeek to distribute that analysis across many dozens or hundreds of worker processes, allowing the monitoring system to scale up to line speeds of 100G or more. Preparing to Setup a Cluster; Basic Cluster Configuration; PF_RING Cluster Configuration; Zeek Log Formats and Inspection. This functionality consists of an option declaration in the Zeek language, configuration files that enable changing the value of options at runtime, option-change callbacks to process updates in your Zeek scripts, a couple of script-level functions to manage config settings. The purpose of having a logger receive logs instead of the manager is to reduce the load on the manager. zeek already does a bit of sanity-checking of the nodes table; it could just as well check whether the table is defined at all (which could then happen via regular redefs in local. Training will cover scripting basics but will. You should give it a spin as it makes getting started with the Elastic Stack fast. Zeek uses the Broker Library to exchange information with other Zeek processes. The manager process in a Zeek cluster regularly fetches event attributes from a MISP instance and populates the Intel framework using Intel::insert(). The following is an example of entries in a capture_loss. Installing Zeek. For more details on the specifics of the format, please refer to PE::Info. Zeek’s Cluster Components. 23. Zeek’s integrated management framework, ZeekControl, supports such cluster setups out-of-the-box. Manager; Worker; Proxy; Logger; Running a Zeek Cluster. You will also need memory, and depending on scripts you intend to write, that might be quite a lot. To that end, there are several helpful features included: A configuration wizard for generating a node. Manager; Worker; Proxy; Logger; Running a Zeek Cluster. Zeek’s Cluster Components. This has an IP 10. log captures details on certificates exchanged during certain TLS negotiations. Finally, if you want to build the Zeek documentation (not required, because all of the documentation for the latest Zeek release is available at there are instructions in doc/README in the source distribution. Zeek Cluster Setup; General Usage and Deployment; Developing Scripts/Heuristics. security_protocol – The security protocol being used for the session. log. This functionality consists of an option declaration in the Zeek language, configuration files that enable changing the value of options at runtime, option-change callbacks to process updates in your Zeek scripts, a couple of script-level functions to. 2 Do you have the firewall enabled on these machines? That's the most problem I've seen with multi host clusters like this. uid: string &log A unique identifier of the connection. A Supervisor automatically revives any process that dies or exits prematurely and also arranges for an ordered shutdown of the entire process tree upon its own termination. Configuration Framework . That’s part of Zeek’s scalability advantages. By default, the client will connect to a controller running on the local. Note that all data store queries must be made within Zeek’s asynchronous when statements and must specify a timeout block. You can run Zeek in multiple modes, such as command-line mode, standalone mode, and cluster mode. Zeek Analysis Tools (ZAT. The images are Debian-based and feature a complete Zeek installation with zeek, zkg, and the Spicy toolchain, but are otherwise minimal to avoid bloat in derived images. Zeek’s Cluster Components. Zeek giám sát và ghi lại các kết nối, gói được gửi và nhận, các thuộc tính về TCP và các dữ liệu hữu ích cho việc phân tích mạng. type: keyword. Broker-backed Zeek Tables for Data Synchronization and Persistence; Cluster Framework. The Need to Move Data and Events Across Different Nodes; Cluster Topics; Cluster Pools; Publishing Events Across the Cluster; Distributing Events Uniformly Across Proxies; A. NTP is a mechanism by which clients can adjust their local clocks to more closely match those of NTP servers. x ( sources) zeek: the latest Zeek release ( sources)*ZeekControl* has two modes of operation: a *stand-alone* mode for managing a traditional, single-system Zeek setup; and a *cluster* mode for maintaining a multi-system setup of coordinated Zeek instances load-balancing the work across a set of independent machines. Zeek Cluster Setup; General Usage and Deployment;. The Need to Move Data and Events Across Different Nodes; Cluster. This document provides an overview of the underlying architecture as well as an example-based walk-through. 0. Try zeek-client get-nodes to see more details about the cluster's current status. Configuration file for ZeekControl management. This command will enable Zeek via the zeek. 179 running 59035 19 Jan 05:37:05 zeek-worker worker 209. You can operate such a setup from a central manager system easily using ZeekControl because it hides much of the complexity of the multi-machine installation. You can operate such a setup from a central manageCluster node stdout log configuration. A deep cluster eases the monitoring of several. The Need to Move Data and Events Across Different Nodes; Cluster. If the string is non-empty, Zeek will produce a free-form log (i. We provide the following groups of packages: zeek-X. Manager; Worker; Proxy; Logger; Running a Zeek Cluster. The return value of the lookup_location function is a record type called geo_location, and it consists of several fields containing the country, region, city, latitude, and longitude of the specified IP address. A framework for establishing and controlling a cluster of Zeek instances. Summary Statistics. The record type which contains the column fields of the known-services log. The Need to Move Data and Events Across Different Nodes; Cluster Topics; Publishing Events Across the Cluster; Distributing Events Uniformly Across Proxies; A. Logger. The Zeek SSL fileset will handle fields from these scripts if they are installed in Zeek. The Need to Move Data and Events Across Different Nodes; Cluster. Define your local networks here. log. reqid – a request identifier string, echoed in the response event. Broker-backed Zeek Tables for Data Synchronization and Persistence; Cluster Framework. NetBIOS name given by the server in. Packet Analysis. Zeek Cluster Setup. The Need to Move Data and Events Across Different Nodes; Cluster Topics; Publishing Events Across the Cluster; Distributing Events Uniformly Across. This is the recommended command-line client for interacting with Zeek's Management framework. Such a process is then called a Zeek node, a cluster node, or just named after the role of the process (the manager, the loggers,. For scripts that use Broker as a means of cluster-aware analysis, it’s usually sufficient for them to make use of the topics declared by the cluster framework. log. Once I did, the Zeek Cluster deployment succeeded. It normally receives log messages and notices from the rest of the nodes in the cluster using the Zeek communications protocol. Zeek’s Cluster Components. It will be automatically loaded if the cluster framework is loaded and Bro is run with the CLUSTER_NODE environment variable set to a node name in the Cluster::nodes. The Need to Move Data and Events Across Different Nodes; Cluster. This set can be added to via redef. Finally, use make install-aux to install some of the other programs that are in the auxil/zeek-aux directory. Zeek Cluster Setup; General Usage and Deployment; Developing Scripts/Heuristics. For a standalone configuration, there must be only one Zeek node defined in this file. Earlier we looked at the data provided by Zeek’s files. In order to use the cluster framework, a script named cluster-layout. 5. Cluster Framework Examples . This document describes the Zeek cluster architecture. e. log. That’s part of Zeek’s scalability advantages. 6-167 with AF_Packet > - 16 workers per sensor (total. The management framework provides a Zeek-based, service-oriented architecture and event-driven APIs to manage a Zeek cluster that monitors live traffic. It has examples defined for both stand-alone and clustered configurations for the user to use. Manager; Worker; Proxy; Logger; Running a Zeek Cluster. Architecture; Frontend Options; Cluster Configuration. Archive logs (move rotated logs. In a Zeek cluster setup, every Zeek process is assigned a cluster role. Hello All, I am using a Ubuntu Physical machine with IP 10. A Zeek Cluster is a set of systems jointly analyzing the traffic of a network link in a coordinated fashion. Brim is an open source tool to search and analyze pcaps, Zeek and Suricata logs. The purpose of this document is to assist the Zeek community with implementing Zeek in their environments. A set of protocols that match the service’s connection payloads. Cluster Considerations When running Zeek in a cluster, most of the information above stays the same. Not loaded any custom scripts, just the basic scripts that are enabled by default in local. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. If a zeekctl command is specified directly on the command-line, then zeekctl performs the action associated with that command. Used for persisting tables/sets and/or synchronizing them over a cluster. The specification for Cluster::worker_pool. 9 MB) Get Updates. Hi All, Couple of months ago I upgraded the Zeek cluster from 2. The following is an example of entries in a capture_loss. Export identifiers from the current module. By default, all analyzers in Zeek are enabled. A cluster may contain multiple proxy nodes. Zeek performance issue with high speed network links is a major drawback (even with tricks like PF_RING) . Client The management client provides the user’s interface to cluster management. Broker-backed Zeek Tables for Data Synchronization and Persistence; Cluster Framework. Data in the Intelligence Framework is an atomic piece of intelligence such as an IP address or an e-mail address. 1 (compiled with the jemalloc support). The purpose of having a logger receive logs instead of the manager is to reduce the load on the manager. Zeek Cluster Setup; General Usage and Deployment; Developing Scripts/Heuristics. However, in bare mode (zeek-b dynamic plugins can be activated only by using load-plugin or by specifying the. It contains the settings of default logs directory, log rotation. A Zeek cluster therefore consists of four main components: a manager, workers, proxies, and a logger. Cluster Framework. This signature asks Zeek to match the regular expression . Zeek supports all of the mechanisms covered below on any cluster node. log conn. e. While named event groups, hook handlers are covered due to their structural similarity to event handlers as well. Broker-backed Zeek Tables for Data Synchronization and Persistence; Cluster Framework. Broker-backed Zeek Tables for Data Synchronization and Persistence; Cluster Framework. zeek: @load frameworks/intel/seen. log provides a means to show the outermost. 15 (em1) Worker-3 - 192. Almost all functionality of Broker is also accessible through Python bindings. GeoLocation — Book of Zeek (v6. SMB Logs (plus DCE-RPC, Kerberos, NTLM) Server Message Block (SMB) is a protocol most commonly associated with Microsoft Windows enterprise administration. Changes to the table are sent to the Broker store, and changes to the Broker store are applied back to the table. Cluster Framework. Zeek’s cluster features support single-system and multi-system setups. The Need to Move Data and Events Across Different Nodes; Cluster Topics; Cluster Pools. Zeek’s Cluster Components. Manager; Worker; Proxy; Logger; Running a Zeek Cluster. Analysts are more likely to find encrypted SMTP traffic in modern environments. Zeek Cluster Setup; General Usage and Deployment; Developing Scripts/Heuristics. If Zeek reports packet loss, then you most likely need to adjust the number of Zeek workers as shown below or filter out traffic using BPF. Zeek’s Cluster Components. In the following we demonstrate the main parts of the Python API, assuming a general understanding of Broker’s concepts. Zeek Cluster Setup; General Usage and Deployment; Developing Scripts/Heuristics. Zeek’s integrated management framework, ZeekControl, supports such cluster setups out-of-the-box. The new process will execute that script. Manager. Manager; Worker; Proxy; Logger; Running a Zeek Cluster. The past couple of weeks, I upgraded all of our standalone Zeek clusters (about a dozen) to Zeek 3. We will compare sessions using TLS 1. x ( sources) and 6. The Need to Move Data and Events Across Different Nodes; Cluster. First, as IRC had legitimate uses, it may not have been. Parameters. 1. Zeek’s Cluster Components. Zeek clusters have evolved from running the manager, workers and proxies on individual servers, to most often now running a “cluster-in-a-box” setup, where a powerful multi-core box with dedicated cores hosts the workers, proxies logger and manager. Manager; Worker; Proxy; Logger; Running a Zeek Cluster. The Supervisor framework enables an entirely new mode for Zeek, one that supervises a set of Zeek processes that are meant to be persistent. Broker-backed Zeek Tables for Data Synchronization and Persistence; Cluster Framework. log. Docker Images. Manager. Zeek stores its logs in /opt/zeek/logs/current. Binary Packages. 179 running 58935 19 Jan 05:37:02 zeek-manager manager 209. I streamlined the cluster deployment with Ansible (using 'become' directive at task level) and did not elevate when running the handlers responsible for issuing the zeekctl deploy command. Data Model¶. Rather than selecting which application protocol analyzer to use based on a connection’s server port, Zeek’s dynamic analyzer framework associates an analyzer tree with every connection. Manager. Declarations must appear before any statements (except those statements that are in a function, hook, or event handler) in the concatenation of all loaded Zeek scripts. {"payload":{"allShortcutsEnabled":false,"fileTree":{"":{"items":[{"name":". x ( sources) and 6. There is another ZeekControl command, deploy, that combines the above two steps and can be run after any. Common cluster management tasks¶ With a running controller and agent, it’s time start using zeek-client for actual cluster management tasks. Working with a Sample Trace; Zeek TSV Format Logs; Zeek TSV Format and awk; Zeek TSV Format and zeek-cut; Zeek JSON Format. Change the current module. Broker-backed Zeek Tables for Data Synchronization and Persistence; Cluster Framework. 10 (em1) Worker-2 - 192. You need to decide whether you will be running Zeek standalone or in a cluster. If Zeek is reporting capture loss but no packet loss, this usually means that the capture loss is. Broker-backed Zeek Tables for Data Synchronization and Persistence; Cluster Framework. For more details on the specifics of the format, please refer to PE::Info. Preparing to Setup a Cluster; Basic Cluster Configuration; PF_RING Cluster Configuration; Zeek Log Formats and Inspection. It is based on, but differs from blacktop/zeek:zeekctl in that it focuses on running multiple Zeek processes with zeekctl. 180. cfg cluster configuration; Will automatically. Manager; Worker; Proxy; Logger; Running a Zeek Cluster. In this section we will take a step further for one type of log – Zeek’s pe. 2 and I also wanted to use this as an opportunity to try to move over to the new Supervisor framework. Zeek Cluster Setup; General Usage and Deployment; Developing Scripts/Heuristics. zeek or elsewhere) and abort if not. However, in bare mode (zeek-b dynamic plugins can be activated only by using load-plugin or by specifying the. The CLUSTER_NODE environment variable or Cluster::node must also be sent and the cluster framework loaded as a package like @load base/frameworks/cluster . Products. zeekctl is an interactive interface for managing either a standalone or a Zeek cluster installation. site_id: count A 32-bit unique identifier for the pool node, derived from name/alias. Once I did, the Zeek Cluster deployment succeeded. For scripts that are meant to establish communication flows unrelated to Zeek cluster, new topics are declared (examples being the NetControl and Control frameworks). For example, attributes can ensure that a function gets invoked whenever you modify a table, automatically expire elements from a set, or tell the logging framework which record fields you’d like it to write. Zeek can connect with network devices like, for example, switches or soft- and hardware firewalls using the NetControl framework. Hello Zeek Community! Earlier today, I did the zeekctl Install command to update/Install Zeek configuration. log loaded_scripts. Zeek’s cluster features support single-system and multi-system setups. log We will therefore use the Zeek generated log files to analyze the network traffic seen by Zeek on the wire. 180. Zeek Cluster Setup A Zeek Cluster is a set of systems jointly analyzing the traffic of a network link in a coordinated fashion. 2 connection. > - Arista 7150S hashing on 5-tuple > - Gigamon sends to Arista via 4x10 Gbps > - Zeek v2. In a Zeek cluster setup, every Zeek process is assigned a cluster role. In this instance, “pe” stands for portable executable, a format associated with Microsoft binaries. For example, administrators can scale Zeek within one system for as long as possible, and then transparently add more. Manager; Worker; Proxy; Logger; Running a Zeek Cluster. For example, if you’d like to install Zeek plugins in those images, you’ll need to install their needed toolchain, typically at least g++ for compilation, cmake and make as. Earlier we looked at the data provided by Zeek’s files. People trying. As noted in the previous sections, Zeek is optimized, more or less “out of the box,” to provide two of the four types of network security monitoring data. The past couple of weeks, I upgraded all of our standalone Zeek clusters (about a dozen) to Zeek 3. parse [originator|responder] with SPICY_UNIT. 2 and I also wanted to use this as an opportunity to try to move over to the new Supervisor framework. Zeek Cluster Setup; General Usage and Deployment; Developing Scripts/Heuristics. A framework for establishing and controlling a cluster of Zeek instances. The Zeek process supervision (remote) control API. log. Zeek’s Cluster Components. We’ve seen instances of 90 workers running on a single physical server. log, a source which offered details on TLS connections. server_nb_computer_name: string &log &optional. Seen Data . Zeek Cluster Setup; General Usage and Deployment; Developing Scripts/Heuristics. Zeek Cluster Setup; General Usage and Deployment; Developing Scripts/Heuristics. The Python API can represent the same type model as the C++ code. Zeek’s Cluster Components. ls -1 /opt/zeek/logs/current broker. ). A deep cluster provides one administrative interface for several conventional clusters and/or standalone Zeek nodes at once. Zeek Cluster Setup; General Usage and Deployment; Developing Scripts/Heuristics. Some intruders eventually began using IRC to control botnets, primarily for two reasons. It has examples defined for both stand-alone and clustered configurations for the user to use. Cluster Framework. The Need to Move Data and Events Across Different Nodes; Cluster. Zeek itself does the rotation in the typical case, which the archival being a separate postprocessing script executed right after rotation. Zeek Cluster Setup; General Usage and Deployment; Developing Scripts/Heuristics. For example, when Zeek reports 0. The Need to Move Data and Events Across Different Nodes; Cluster Topics; Publishing. Zeek stores its logs in /opt/zeek/logs/current. The purpose of having a logger receive logs instead of the manager is to reduce the load on the manager. For example, administrators can scale Zeek within one system for as long as possible, and then transparently add more. Configuration Framework . base/frameworks/cluster/main. 179 running 59107 19 Jan 05:37:06 zeek-worker-lo worker localhost. Notices are generated, the Notice::policy hook is evaluated, and any actions are run on the node which generated the notice (most often a worker node). 4. A logger is an optional Zeek process that receives log messages from the rest of the nodes in the cluster using the Zeek communications protocol. Manager; Worker; Proxy; Logger; Running a Zeek Cluster. weird. $ export ZEEK_TLS_KEYLOG_FILE= ~/keylogfile. This device sends traffic to workers after symmetric. Configure a stand-alone node or a Zeek cluster configuration by defining various node types and their corresponding settings. About Zeek; Monitoring With Zeek; Get Started; Zeek Log Formats and Inspection; Zeek Logs; Introduction to Scripting; Frameworks; Popular CustomizationsBroker-backed Zeek Tables for Data Synchronization and Persistence; Cluster Framework. 5 to 2. The FAF comes with a simple way to integrate with the Input Framework, so that Zeek can analyze files from external sources in the same way it analyzes files that it sees coming over traffic from a network interface it’s monitoring. About Zeek; Monitoring With Zeek; Get Started; Zeek Log Formats and Inspection; Zeek Logs; Introduction to Scripting; Frameworks; Script Referencepe. I upgraded my zeek cluster to LTS 5. When a Zeek worker is using close to all of a single CPU as seen via zeekctl top or top -p <pid>, this usually means it is either receiving too many packets and is simply overloaded, or there’s a performance problem. log. It allows configuration and deployment of the Zeek cluster, insight into the running cluster, the ability to restart nodes, etc. zeek. identifier. While there are implementations for other operating systems, such as Linux, Mac OS, FreeBSD, and the like, many security and network analysts seek information on SMB. I’m looking for feedback (or pointers to existing write-ups) on “best practices” for Bro cluster deployments. Zeek Cluster Setup; General Usage and Deployment; Developing Scripts/Heuristics. Packet Loss and Capture Loss¶. Oh, I also forgot to mention that this needs to be defined in a script named cluster-layout. log tells you what is wrong. d directory of Filebeat. Problem is the RTU device does not support “ssh”. Insert the following configuration to run Zeek in the cluster mode with a single server. The Zeek project hosted an IRC channel for many years to support development and discussion. The Need to Move Data and Events Across Different Nodes; Cluster. proxy: is a Zeek process that may be used to offload data storage or any arbitrary workload. The complications from dealing with flow based load balancing can be ignored by developers writing scripts that. record. log where missed_bytes is non zero, or even. Zeek Cluster Setup; General Usage and Deployment; Developing Scripts/Heuristics. Zeek Cluster Setup; General Usage and Deployment; Developing Scripts/Heuristics. Normally, there’ll be one instance per cluster system: a single physical system. Hi All, Couple of months ago I upgraded the Zeek cluster from 2. ProxyThe toplevel directory in which the Management framework creates spool state for any Zeek nodes, including the Zeek cluster, agents, and the controller. In this section we will take a step further for one type of log – Zeek’s pe. (In the above, “testbox” is the system’s hostname. Since Broker stores are synchronized over a cluster, this sends table changes to all other nodes in the cluster. Zeek is the most popular open source platform for network security monitoring. 1 (compiled with the jemalloc support). port_proto: transport_proto &log. That’s part of Zeek’s scalability advantages. However, in bare mode (zeek-b dynamic plugins can be activated only by using load-plugin or by specifying the. g. Manager; Worker; Proxy; Logger; Running a Zeek Cluster. 4123% capture loss, not 41. , Homebrew on macOS), Note, however, that such external packages may not always be fully up to date. Detection and Response Workflow. Broker-backed Zeek Tables for Data Synchronization and Persistence; Cluster Framework. 0 last week,since then the logs have stopped being generated after 6-7 hours of restart. Zeek. Python Bindings ¶. Zeek’s Cluster Components. As such, the event is well-suited for script-level cleanup that needs to be performed for every connection. Such a process is then called a Zeek node, a cluster node, or just named after the role of the process (the manager, the loggers,. 3 encryption. Management::state_dir: string &redef. - Zeek Supervisor Client · zeek/zeek WikiThe last section showed Zeek’s ssl. Zeek’s Cluster Components. log and make VirusTotal Queries. A basic Zeek cluster uses four different node types, enumerated in the script-level variable Cluster::NodeType. Mirroring session The session is the actual mirroring session that combines the filter. The cluster framework's zeek_init() in main. Summary; Files; Reviews; Download Latest Version v6. Overview What is a Container. There are no errors in the stderr log and diag output, everything seems normal, unable to figure it out. zeek, similarly to other frameworks. The Zeek Project team is excited to host a one-day in-person Zeek training event during the NSF cybersecurity summit happening at the Lawrence Berkeley. Here's my rough setup: Proxy/Manager/Logger - 192.